First article and qualification

Before a buyer accepts production parts from a new supplier, they usually want proof that your process makes the part to every requirement. A first article is how that proof is delivered.

What it is

A first article is an early production part, made with your production process and tooling, that is fully inspected against the drawing and specifications. In aerospace, the report often follows the AS9102 format.

Qualification is the buyer's broader process of approving you as a supplier. It can include a supplier survey, a quality system review, a first article, and sometimes source inspection at your shop.

Who needs it

Any shop taking on a new part number for a defense or aerospace buyer, and shops seeking approval as a new or second source. A first article is often needed again after a change to the design, process, location, or tooling.

First steps

1. Read the purchase order and quality clauses to see what the buyer requires.
2. Confirm you have the right revision of the drawing and specifications.
3. Make the part with your real production process, not a one-off setup.
4. Inspect and record every characteristic, and gather material and special process certifications.
5. Submit the report in the buyer's required format and track their approval.

Common mistakes

• Making the first article on a different setup than production will use.
• Missing characteristics such as notes, finishes, or marking requirements.
• Using material or special process sources the buyer has not approved.
• Forgetting to repeat the first article after a process or tooling change.

Where to confirm the official requirement

• FAR Subpart 9.3, first article testing and approval
• SAE International (publisher of AS9102)
• IAQG supply chain resources

This is general information, not legal or compliance advice. Confirm current requirements with the agency, the prime, or your own adviser.